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Gorilla skull vrs african skull1/10/2024 It has been dated as being between 250,000 and 400,000 years old. Its features are typical of this species but its size and robust facial features suggest that it is the skull of a young male. The Arago 21 skull is relatively complete but it was distorted either before or during fossilisation. Thousands of stone tools and the bones of many types of animals have also been uncovered at this site. Excavations since 1964 have revealed a number of human fossils at Arago including this skull and jaw from different individuals. Arago 21 and Arago – skull and lower jaw discovered in Arago Caves, Tautavel, France.This skullcap closely resembles the Broken Hill 1 skull in having large brow ridges, a broad, sloping forehead and a rear skull wall that is vertical rather than rounded or sloping. Saldanha – a skullcap discovered in 1953 in Elandsfontein, South Africa.Significant dental decay such as this was unusual in our ancestors prior to the development of agriculture approximately 10,000 years ago when more sugars and starchy foods were included in the diet. This individual had significant tooth decay and a number of associated abscesses had decayed the upper jaw bone. The date of this specimen is uncertain but it may be 300,000 years old. It combines primitive features such as a wide face, thick arching brow ridges and a sloping forehead with a large brain capacity of 1280 cubic centimetres. This skull was the first fossil of a human ancestor to be discovered in Africa. ‘Kabwe’ or ‘Broken Hill 1’ – skull discovered in 1921 in Kabwe (formerly Broken Hill), Zambia.The large ridges which run down the back of the bone (shown here) are places where muscles attach to the bone and indicate that this individual had very large and powerful leg muscles. This shinbone has been gnawed at each end by an ancient carnivore but the remaining bone shows its owner was more strongly built than modern humans. Boxgrove 1 – a tibia (shinbone) discovered in 1993 in Boxgrove, West Sussex, England.However, the species Homo heidelbergensis has only become more accepted since the end of the 20th century with the discovery of additional fossils that had features intermediate between those of earlier and later human species. The unique features of this Mauer 1 jaw led to it being named a new species the following year. The jaw had small, human-like teeth but was unlike modern human jaws in being extremely large and heavy boned. In 1907, an ancient human jaw was discovered in a quarry at Mauer, a village near Heidelberg, Germany. Fossils from Gran Dolina in Spain date to 800,000 years old, and may be Homo heidelbergensis or a different species, Homo antecessor. The African fossils tend to be older than those from Europe. This species lived between 300,000 and 600,000 years ago.
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